Tarántula. n.s. [Italian; tarentule, French.] An insect whose bite is only cured by musick.
This word, lover, did no less pierce poor Pyrocles than the right tune of musick toucheth him that is sick of the tarantula. Sidney.
He that uses the word tarantula, without having any idea of what it stands for, means nothing at all by it. Locke.

It was believed in 15th and 16th century Italy that the bite of the wolf spider, often called tarantula (though it was not big or hairy like what we call tarantula today), caused a disease called tarantism, which could only be cured by dancing the fast-paced Tarantella.